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Botswana Travel Guide

Botswana

Overview

Parks & Reserves

Wildlife

Birds

Best Time To Visit

Weather & Climate

Popular Routes

Getting There

Malaria & Vaccinations

Safety

Faqs

Overview – Botswana
Botswana exemplifies low-impact, high-end tourism in one of Africa’s most pristine wilderness areas. The breathtaking Okavango Delta delivers unforgettable adventures, from thrilling game drives to serene mokoro (traditional canoe) journeys through its waterways. Beyond the delta, Chobe National Park, Moremi Game Reserve, and the Central Kalahari Game Reserve showcase stunning landscapes and exceptional wildlife encounters.
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botswana Travel map
Rates (USD)
$550 to $1,500+ pp/day
Best Time To Go
March to May (Dry parks), June to September (Okavango, Chobe)
High Season
July to October
Size
581,730km² / 224,610mi²
Pros & Cons
Low-impact Tourism and Ecofriendly Lodges
Best Wildlife Viewing in Northern Parks
Dry Deserts, Salt Pans, Savannah Grasslands, and Delta Waterways
Vast, Pristine Landscapes with Minimal Populations
Political stability and safety
High-End Luxury Safaris with Limited Budget lodge & camps
Wildlife

Botswana boasts various iconic African wildlife, such as elephants, giraffes, hippos, buffalo, and zebras. Although big cats are less common, lions are frequently sighted. Rhinos are also making a gradual return to the region. For enthusiasts of rare species, endangered antelopes and African wild dogs can be found in several northern parts of the country.

Weather & Climate

In Botswana, humidity is typically low, but temperatures vary dramatically between day and night. From May to October, the winter season is dry, beginning with cooler weather and growing increasingly hot as it advances. From June to August, the coldest months, nighttime temperatures can plummet to freezing, making warm clothing a must. Summer, spanning November to April, is characterized by heat and rain, with the heaviest downpours occurring in January and February. The Kalahari region experiences the most extreme temperature swings.

Best Time To Visit

The dry season (May to October) is the best time to visit Botswana’s parks, as animals gather around limited water sources. This season also brings minimal rainfall and fewer crowds, except in Chobe. In contrast, the wet season (November to April) still offers plenty of wildlife, but dense vegetation makes sightings more difficult, and the heat can be overwhelming.

Premier Parks, Reserves & Wildlife Areas
- Canoe and classic safaris
- Classic safaris
- Boat and classic safaris
- Classic safaris, animals scarce
- Classic safaris, animals scarce
- Classic safaris
National Parks & Game Reserves – Botswana
All Parks & Reserves
Breathtaking desert landscapes, exceptional safaris in arid regions, and the presence of all the majestic big cats.
Experience boat safaris and traditional game drives, spot four of the Big Five (excluding rhino), and encounter thriving elephant populations.
Experience classic safaris in a private reserve, where you can encounter four of the Big Five (rhino not present).
Discover traditional safaris in an exclusive private reserve, home to four of the Big Five (excluding rhino).
Explore guided and self-drive safari options, diverse landscapes of rivers and salt pans, and witness the spectacular zebra migration.
Explore Guided and Self-Drive Safaris in a region of diverse landscapes, including rivers and salt pans. Witness the incredible Zebra Migration.
Classic safaris with Big Five sightings (rare rhino), partially located in the Okavango Delta.
Explore private reserves, including Mashatu, with opportunities to see three of the Big Five: lions, leopards, and elephants.
Experience classic safaris during the Wet Season, witnessing the Zebra Migration and encountering all the Big Five.
Experience classic and canoe safaris in exclusive camps, exploring wetlands and seeking the Big Five, including rhino sightings in the Moremi Game Reserve.
Experience classic safaris in a private reserve with excellent opportunities to encounter four of the Big Five: lions, leopards, elephants, and buffalo.
Wildlife & Animals – Botswana

Botswana boasts a robust wildlife population, where most major safari animals are readily visible, though rhinos are an exception as they have only recently been reintroduced. The northern parks, with their permanent water sources, support higher concentrations of wildlife compared to the drier southern parks.

Elephant
Giraffe
Hippo
Buffalo
Zebra
Wildebeest
White Rhino
Black Rhino
Lion
Leopard
Cheetah
Hyena
Wildlife Highlights

The Okavango Delta and Moremi Game Reserve not only shelter a significant population of big cats but also harbor one of the densest populations of the critically endangered African wild dog. Spotting these elusive dogs can be challenging as they cover vast territories, though chances improve when they are in their denning period. Additionally, the region supports unique antelopes like sitatunga, red lechwe, and puku, which thrive in semi-aquatic settings and are often seen wading through shallow waters in the Okavango Delta, Moremi, and along the riverbanks of Chobe.

Best Time for Wildlife Viewing

Typically, the best time for wildlife viewing is during the Dry season, spanning May to October. During this period, sparse vegetation and animals gathering at water sources make it easier to spot wildlife. Additionally, the Okavango Delta undergoes its annual flooding between June and October, offering a distinctive setting for observing the diverse animal life.

 

In contrast, the arider regions of the Kalahari are more favorable for wildlife sightings during the Wet season, from November to April. This season brings fresh grasses that attract northern migrating wildlife, providing excellent viewing opportunities.

Recommended Wildlife Books
Wildlife of Botswana: A Photographic Guide
Nikos Petrou and Neil MacLeod
Stuarts’ Field Guide to Mammals of Southern Africa
Chris Stuart and Mathilde Stuart
The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (book and app)
Jonathan Kingdon
Wildlife of the Okavango
Duncan Butchart
Tracker Manual: A Practical Guide to Animal Tracking in Southern Africa
Alex van den Heever, Renias Mhlongo, and Karel Benadie
Wildlife Photos
botswana wildlife animals
Birds - Botswana

Botswana stands out as a premier birdwatching haven, hosting an impressive roster of over 550 recorded bird species. Although it doesn’t boast any species exclusive to its borders, many birds here have a notably limited range. The country’s varied landscapes, stretching from the verdant delta to the stark desert bush, provide perfect settings to observe both aquatic birds and desert-adapted species. Moreover, the arrival of vast flocks of migratory birds from October to April further enhances Botswana’s appeal to bird enthusiasts.

Notable Birds in Botswana

African skimmer
Common
Wattled crane
common
Slaty egret
Common
African Jacana
common
African pygmy goose
Common
Endemic & Near - endemic Birds
(NE) near-endemic = also lives in neighboring countries
Best Time for Bird Watching

In Botswana, birdwatching is consistently excellent, reaching its zenith in the Wet season from November to April. This is when migratory birds from Europe and northern Africa descend upon the region, and local bird species are often observed nesting and displaying vibrant breeding plumages. While January and February might experience heavier rainfall, typically, the season is marked by quick afternoon showers that do not significantly impact travel. For broader wildlife sightings, however, the Dry season remains the more favorable time.

 

Recommended Birding Books
Birds of Botswana
Peter Hancock and Ingrid Weiersbye
Roberts Bird Guide (2nd edition; book)
Hugh Chittenden, Greg Davies, and Ingrid Weiersbye
Roberts Bird Guide (2nd edition; app)
Hugh Chittenden, Greg Davies, and Ingrid Weiersbye
Sasol Birds of Southern Africa
Ian Sinclair et al
Facts & Figures

Bird Species

550+

Migratory Birds

Oct to Apr

Best Time To Visit – Botswana

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Botswana’s premier attractions include the Okavango Delta, Moremi Game Reserve, and Chobe National Park. Visiting these parks is ideal from May to September, during the cooler and drier winter months. Notably, the Okavango Delta undergoes its annual flood from June to October, adding to the unique experience. Wildlife can be observed throughout the year, although peak viewing times may vary between parks. For detailed recommendations on the best times to visit each park, see the information provided below.

Best Time
June to September (Okavango, Moremi, Chobe), March to May (Other, drier parks)
High Season
July to October (Will not feel too crowded, except for Chobe)
Low Season
December to April (Some lodges and camps close down)
Best Weather
April and May (Moderate temperatures, little to no rainfall, and few clouds)
Worst Weather
October and November (Very hot), January and February (Peak of Wet season)
May to October – Dry Season – Winter
With less vegetation, animals gather around water sources, making them more visible
The weather features clear skies and minimal rainfall, with a reduced presence of mosquitoes
Although the Dry season attracts the most tourists, the parks generally remain uncrowded, with the exception of the busy Chobe riverfront area
In June, July, and August, early morning and evening game drives can be chilly
November to April Wet Season – Summer
During this season, the landscape is lusher and rates are generally lower
While the Dry season may offer better visibility for wildlife, you'll still encounter plenty of animals throughout the year.
The area is bustling with newborn animals and visiting migratory birds
Outside of January and February, rain rarely disrupts travel plans
During January and February, the rains can be continuous for days
October and November experience intense heat
During portions of the Wet season, certain lodges and camps may shut down
Wildlife Photos
botswana wildlife animals
​Weather & Climate – Botswana

Botswana boasts a subtropical desert climate, characterized by striking temperature swings from day to night and overall low humidity. For six months of the year, the landscape remains parched, receiving little to no rainfall. The rainy season spans from December to March, bringing much-needed moisture. Contrary to the seasonal patterns of Europe and North America, Botswana’s winter and summer are reversed, aligning respectively with the Dry and Wet seasons.

Maun's Climate Compared to Botswana's Parks

Botswana’s northern parks generally share Maun’s climate, but the Okavango enjoys slightly cooler temperatures, thanks to its plentiful water sources. On the other hand, the parks in the Kalahari’s dry environment face harsher conditions, with hotter days and nights that can dip to freezing temperatures. Areas to the south and west of the country tend to experience marginally less precipitation.

Dry Season – May to October – Winter

Throughout the winter, rainfall is nearly absent and humidity remains low, typically between 20% and 40%. Animals often congregate around waterholes and rivers as alternative water sources become scarce.

 

In May, the climate is comfortably cool with morning temperatures at 10°C (50°F) and afternoon highs reaching 28°C (82°F).

 

During June, July, and August, chilly mornings necessitate warm clothing for game drives, with temperatures averaging 6°C (43°F). In the Kalahari, nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing. However, the afternoons are much warmer, averaging around 25°C (77°F).

 

As September and October roll in, the heat intensifies. By October, temperatures can soar to 38°C (100°F), though the afternoons typically average a slightly cooler 34°C (93°F).

botswana highseasons
Wet Season – November to April – Summer

November & December – Cloud cover increases, ushering in cooler air and occasional showers in the late afternoons. This cooling pattern extends into December, where mornings typically start at 20°C (68°F) and afternoons reach up to 33°C (91°F).

 

January & February – Recognized as the rainiest months, these periods see frequent heavy showers in the afternoons, and sometimes continuous rain for days on end. The daytime temperatures stay around 32°C (90°F), with humidity levels fluctuating between 50% and 80%.

 

March & April – The rainfall diminishes and temperatures begin to drop gradually. April is characterized by delightful, clear skies and sparse clouds, with cooler nights and very comfortable daytime temperatures around 30°C (86°F).

botswana travel guide (12)
Popular Routes – Botswana
botswana Travel map
Northern Botswana (1 to 2.5 weeks)

Following a stopover in Johannesburg, South Africa, you’ll land at Maun International Airport (MUB), the primary gateway to northern Botswana and the Okavango Delta.

 

 

Destinations:

> Okavango Delta (2 to 5 days): Ideal for wildlife sightings on game drives or serene mokoro (canoe) trips to soak in the scenery.

 

> Moremi Game Reserve (2 to 5 days): A Big Five hotspot, perfect for wildlife-packed game drives.

 

> Chobe National Park (2 to 4 days): Best explored by boat along the river, where herds of elephants gathering to drink create incredible photo opportunities at the Chobe Riverfront and predator-rich Savuti.

 

> Victoria Falls (1 to 3 days): A breathtaking destination just a short trip across the border into Zimbabwe or Zambia.

 

 

Popular Add-ons:

> Central Kalahari Game Reserve (2 to 4 days): Experience a desert safari with unexpected wildlife encounters in Deception Valley and beyond.

 

> Makgadikgadi Pans and Nxai Pan National Parks (2 to 4 days): Witness the annual migration of wildebeest and zebra in this unique landscape.

 

 

Chobe Riverfront & Tuli Block (1 to 1.5 weeks)

After a stopover in Johannesburg, South Africa, you’ll touch down at Kasane International Airport (BBK), located near Chobe National Park.

 

 

Destinations:

> Chobe National Park (2 to 4 days): Explore by 4WD vehicle in Savuti or by boat along the Chobe Riverfront for incredible wildlife encounters.

 

> Victoria Falls (1 to 3 days): Just a short drive from Chobe, this iconic waterfall can be visited from either Zambia or Zimbabwe.

 

> Zambezi National Park (0.5 to 1 day): Located in Zimbabwe, this park is perfect for spotting elephants, buffalo, and various antelope species while traveling between Botswana and Victoria Falls.

 

> Northern Tuli Game Reserve (2 to 4 days): Witness herds of elephants digging for water in dry riverbeds in this unique reserve.

 

 

Popular Add-ons:

> Kwando, Selinda, and/or Linyanti Concessions (2 to 4 days): Experience exclusive wildlife viewing in the pristine Linyanti Marshes.

 

 

​Getting There – Botswana

A stopover in South Africa is generally part of the itinerary for your journey to Botswana. you usually board direct flights from O.R. Tambo International Airport (JNB) in Johannesburg or Cape Town International Airport (CPT).

Botswana’s main gateway is Sir Seretse Khama International Airport (GBE), conveniently located 11km/7 miles north of the capital, Gaborone.

 

However, Maun Airport (MUB) and Kasane Airport (BBK) see more frequent arrivals for travelers. It’s typical for those combining a Botswana safari with a trip to Victoria Falls to fly into Maun and then depart from either Victoria Falls Airport (VFA) in Zimbabwe or Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport (LVI; previously known as Livingstone Airport) in Zambia.

 

Upon your arrival, Bush 2 City Adventure will be ready to pick you up from the airport and manage all your transportation needs throughout your journey.

Main Park Map
botswana Travel map
Flights & Airlines to Botswana

If you arrange your flights, we will happily handle all the ground arrangements for you.

 

Starting from London

Starting from London, the easiest and most direct route to Botswana is to fly to Johannesburg, often with British Airways, and then connect to one of Botswana’s four gateway airports: Maun or Kasane in Botswana, or Livingstone or Victoria Falls, located near the Victoria Falls in Zambia or Zimbabwe, respectively.

These flights depart from Heathrow every day of the week.

 

Starting from the USA

Starting from the USA, you have several options for your flight arrangements. Broadly speaking, your two main choices are:

 

Direct Flights to Johannesburg: You can fly directly from major US cities such as New York, Atlanta, or Washington D.C. to Johannesburg, South Africa, with airlines like Delta or South African Airways. From Johannesburg, you can connect to Botswana’s gateway airports—Maun or Kasane in Botswana, or Livingstone or Victoria Falls near the Victoria Falls in Zambia or Zimbabwe.

 

Connecting Flights via Europe: Alternatively, you can opt for a connecting flight through major European hubs such as London, Paris, or Frankfurt. You can take a flight from these cities to Johannesburg, then proceed to one of the gateway airports in Botswana or near Victoria Falls.

 

You can arrange your flights from the USA to Botswana and back via London or another route and simply inform us of the flight times and carriers. Bush 2 City Adventure will handle all your arrangements within Botswana, including smaller flights and any plans in Livingstone.

 

This approach is particularly sensible if you are flying directly from the USA, such as on the route linking Atlanta to Johannesburg. If you decide to arrange your intercontinental flights, it’s advisable to book any regional connecting flights at the same time with the same company that handles your intercontinental travel. For example, flights between Johannesburg and Maun, Kasane, Livingstone, or Victoria Falls. This way, you avoid the risk of having two unconnected flights in case of schedule changes.

Domestic Airlines & Flights in Botswana

Most domestic flights within Botswana are operated by Air Botswana. For charter flights and helicopter transfers between parks and navigating areas like the camps in the Okavango Delta, these are typically included in our tour packages. This ensures a seamless and convenient travel experience within Botswana.

Passport, Visa & Other Entry Requirements
Entry requirements may vary, so it’s important to contact your local Botswana embassy or high commission to confirm that the information provided below is up to date.
All foreign visitors must have a passport that is valid for at least six months.
Citizens of most nationalities can enter without a visa and will receive a 30-day entry permit upon arrival.
All foreign visitors are required to possess a return ticket.
Children under 18 years old must have a certified copy of their full, unabridged birth certificate and a valid passport to enter Botswana. If a child is traveling with only one parent or without parents, they must also carry an affidavit from the absent parent(s) giving consent for the child's travel.
For further information, including any vaccination entry requirements, please visit the website of your local Botswana embassy or high commission, or check the government travel advisories provided below:
Malaria & Vaccinations – Botswana

The information provided on this page serves as a basic guide and should not substitute for a consultation with your travel doctor. For comprehensive and current health information for travelers to Botswana, please consult the government organizations and travel clinics listed below, as they are reliable sources.

Vaccinations

Vaccinations are recommended. For more detailed immunization advice, please refer to the websites listed below. Additionally, consult the FAQ section for more comprehensive guidelines.

Malaria Risk

There is a high risk of transmission in central and northern Botswana, and a low risk in the rest of the country. The peak transmission period is during the rainy season, from November to June. For more detailed advice, please refer to the websites listed below.

More Info
Safety & Security – Botswana

We consider Botswana to be a very safe and politically stable country. Safety issues are exceedingly rare for travelers on our organized trips who stay in lodges and camps. Like anywhere in the world, most crime occurs in urban areas, and taking basic safety precautions, such as securing your valuables at your accommodation, is advisable.

 

Here are some tips on how to stay safe while in Botswana.

Staying Safe on Wildlife Viewing Activities

To ensure safety on safari, always adhere to your safari guide’s instructions. If you’re on a self-drive safari, make sure to familiarize yourself with the park and reserve rules, avoid approaching animals too closely, and never leave your car except in designated safe areas. For more tips, see below:

Staying Safe in Cities & Towns

While crime in Botswana is uncommon, incidents of petty theft and pickpocketing do occur in urban areas. You are largely protected from risks during guided activities. To avoid issues when exploring the city on your own, adhere to basic safety measures: consult your hotel for advice before going out, carry only the cash you need, and avoid wearing valuable items. Always take a taxi after dark. For additional safety tips relevant to African cities in general, see below:

Other Tips on Staying Safe

Please review the information on the pages below about malaria and vaccination requirements for Botswana, as well as general travel safety precautions.

Frequent Asked Questions – Botswana
Things to know before traveling to Botswana

What currency does Botswana use?

Botswana’s official currency is the Pula. However, USD, Euros, UK Pounds, and South African Rands are also widely accepted. Most hotels accept major international credit cards, and ATMs are readily available across the country, offering local currency withdrawals.

 

What time zone is Botswana in?

Botswana operates in the Central Africa Time Zone (CAT), which is GMT+2, the same as the rest of Southern Africa.

 

Can I use my credit cards in Botswana?

Credit cards such as MasterCard and Visa are generally accepted throughout Botswana, including at Wilderness camps. American Express is sometimes accepted, though Diners Club is not. Please note that debit cards cannot be used as payment in our camps and lodges.

 

What type of power sockets are used in Botswana?

Our accommodations are equipped with 220V multi-plug adaptor points suitable for charging batteries and mobile devices, including sleep apnoea machines. We also provide universal charging stations at our safari camps. It’s a good idea to bring an extra adaptor for use at other hotels or locations you might visit.

 

What should I pack for a trip to Botswana?

Due to aircraft size limitations, only soft bags weighing up to 20 kg (44 lbs) are allowed. We recommend packing light—around 3 or 4 days’ worth of clothes—as our camps provide complimentary laundry services. Opt for clothes in neutral shades like khaki, brown, or grey, as white and bright colors are conspicuous in the wild. Dark blues and blacks attract flies. Depending on the season, pack warmer clothing for cool evenings and early morning game drives.

 

Where is Botswana located?

Botswana is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa to the south and east, Namibia to the west, and Zimbabwe to the northeast.

 

What is Botswana famous for?

Botswana is renowned for hosting the world’s largest population of African elephants. It is also famous for the stunning Okavango Delta, the expansive Kalahari Desert, and the wildlife-rich Linyanti region. The country offers unique experiences by vehicle, air, and on foot, along with its warm, hospitable people, making it an extraordinary destination.

 

What languages are spoken in Botswana?

Setswana is the primary local language in Botswana. English is also widely spoken, especially in all Wilderness camps.

Do I need a visa to travel to Botswana?

Botswana allows visa-free entry to citizens of all countries for stays of up to 90 days. Ensure that your passport is valid for at least six months beyond the date you plan to depart from Botswana.

Do I need a yellow fever vaccination to travel to Botswana?

If you are coming from a region where yellow fever is prevalent, you must present a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate. It’s also advisable to be vaccinated against tetanus, polio, diphtheria (TPD), and hepatitis A.

 

Do I need to take malaria tablets when visiting Botswana?

The need for malaria prophylaxis in Botswana depends on your specific travel itinerary. It’s important to consult with your general practitioner or a travel health consultant prior to your departure to determine if you need malaria medication.

Overview – Botswana
Botswana exemplifies low-impact, high-end tourism in one of Africa’s most pristine wilderness areas. The breathtaking Okavango Delta delivers unforgettable adventures, from thrilling game drives to serene mokoro (traditional canoe) journeys through its waterways. Beyond the delta, Chobe National Park, Moremi Game Reserve, and the Central Kalahari Game Reserve showcase stunning landscapes and exceptional wildlife encounters.
New Project (60)
botswana Travel map
Rates (USD)
$550 to $1,500+ pp/day
Best Time To Go
March to May (Dry parks), June to September (Okavango, Chobe)
High Season
July to October
Size
581,730km² / 224,610mi²
Pros & Cons
Low-impact Tourism and Ecofriendly Lodges
Best Wildlife Viewing in Northern Parks
Dry Deserts, Salt Pans, Savannah Grasslands, and Delta Waterways
Vast, Pristine Landscapes with Minimal Populations
Political stability and safety
High-End Luxury Safaris with Limited Budget lodge & camps
Wildlife

Botswana boasts various iconic African wildlife, such as elephants, giraffes, hippos, buffalo, and zebras. Although big cats are less common, lions are frequently sighted. Rhinos are also making a gradual return to the region. For enthusiasts of rare species, endangered antelopes and African wild dogs can be found in several northern parts of the country.

Weather & Climate

In Botswana, humidity is typically low, but temperatures vary dramatically between day and night. From May to October, the winter season is dry, beginning with cooler weather and growing increasingly hot as it advances. From June to August, the coldest months, nighttime temperatures can plummet to freezing, making warm clothing a must. Summer, spanning November to April, is characterized by heat and rain, with the heaviest downpours occurring in January and February. The Kalahari region experiences the most extreme temperature swings.

Best Time To Visit

The dry season (May to October) is the best time to visit Botswana’s parks, as animals gather around limited water sources. This season also brings minimal rainfall and fewer crowds, except in Chobe. In contrast, the wet season (November to April) still offers plenty of wildlife, but dense vegetation makes sightings more difficult, and the heat can be overwhelming.

Premier Parks, Reserves & Wildlife Areas
- Canoe and classic safaris
- Classic safaris
- Boat and classic safaris
- Classic safaris, animals scarce
- Classic safaris, animals scarce
- Classic safaris
Wildlife & Animals – Botswana

Botswana boasts a robust wildlife population, where most major safari animals are readily visible, though rhinos are an exception as they have only recently been reintroduced. The northern parks, with their permanent water sources, support higher concentrations of wildlife compared to the drier southern parks.

Elephant
Giraffe
Hippo
Buffalo
Zebra
Wildebeest
White Rhino
Black Rhino
Lion
Leopard
Cheetah
Hyena
Wildlife Highlights

The Okavango Delta and Moremi Game Reserve not only shelter a significant population of big cats but also harbor one of the densest populations of the critically endangered African wild dog. Spotting these elusive dogs can be challenging as they cover vast territories, though chances improve when they are in their denning period. Additionally, the region supports unique antelopes like sitatunga, red lechwe, and puku, which thrive in semi-aquatic settings and are often seen wading through shallow waters in the Okavango Delta, Moremi, and along the riverbanks of Chobe.

Best Time for Wildlife Viewing

Typically, the best time for wildlife viewing is during the Dry season, spanning May to October. During this period, sparse vegetation and animals gathering at water sources make it easier to spot wildlife. Additionally, the Okavango Delta undergoes its annual flooding between June and October, offering a distinctive setting for observing the diverse animal life.

 

In contrast, the arider regions of the Kalahari are more favorable for wildlife sightings during the Wet season, from November to April. This season brings fresh grasses that attract northern migrating wildlife, providing excellent viewing opportunities.

Recommended Wildlife Books
Wildlife of Botswana: A Photographic Guide
Nikos Petrou and Neil MacLeod
Stuarts’ Field Guide to Mammals of Southern Africa
Chris Stuart and Mathilde Stuart
The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (book and app)
Jonathan Kingdon
Wildlife of the Okavango
Duncan Butchart
Tracker Manual: A Practical Guide to Animal Tracking in Southern Africa
Alex van den Heever, Renias Mhlongo, and Karel Benadie
Wildlife Photos
botswana wildlife animals
Wildlife Photos
botswana wildlife animals
Birds - Botswana

Botswana stands out as a premier birdwatching haven, hosting an impressive roster of over 550 recorded bird species. Although it doesn’t boast any species exclusive to its borders, many birds here have a notably limited range. The country’s varied landscapes, stretching from the verdant delta to the stark desert bush, provide perfect settings to observe both aquatic birds and desert-adapted species. Moreover, the arrival of vast flocks of migratory birds from October to April further enhances Botswana’s appeal to bird enthusiasts.

Notable Birds in Botswana

African skimmer
Common
Wattled crane
common
Slaty egret
Common
African Jacana
common
African pygmy goose
Common
Endemic & Near - endemic Birds
(NE) near-endemic = also lives in neighboring countries
Facts & Figures

Bird Species

550+

Migratory Birds

Oct to Apr

Best Time for Bird Watching

In Botswana, birdwatching is consistently excellent, reaching its zenith in the Wet season from November to April. This is when migratory birds from Europe and northern Africa descend upon the region, and local bird species are often observed nesting and displaying vibrant breeding plumages. While January and February might experience heavier rainfall, typically, the season is marked by quick afternoon showers that do not significantly impact travel. For broader wildlife sightings, however, the Dry season remains the more favorable time.

 

Recommended Birding Books
Birds of Botswana
Peter Hancock and Ingrid Weiersbye
Roberts Bird Guide (2nd edition; book)
Hugh Chittenden, Greg Davies, and Ingrid Weiersbye
Roberts Bird Guide (2nd edition; app)
Hugh Chittenden, Greg Davies, and Ingrid Weiersbye
Sasol Birds of Southern Africa
Ian Sinclair et al
Facts & Figures

Bird Species

550+

Migratory Birds

Oct to Apr

Best Time To Visit – Botswana

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Botswana’s premier attractions include the Okavango Delta, Moremi Game Reserve, and Chobe National Park. Visiting these parks is ideal from May to September, during the cooler and drier winter months. Notably, the Okavango Delta undergoes its annual flood from June to October, adding to the unique experience. Wildlife can be observed throughout the year, although peak viewing times may vary between parks. For detailed recommendations on the best times to visit each park, see the information provided below.

Best Time
June to September (Okavango, Moremi, Chobe), March to May (Other, drier parks)
High Season
July to October (Will not feel too crowded, except for Chobe)
Low Season
December to April (Some lodges and camps close down)
Best Weather
April and May (Moderate temperatures, little to no rainfall, and few clouds)
Worst Weather
October and November (Very hot), January and February (Peak of Wet season)
May to October – Dry Season – Winter
With less vegetation, animals gather around water sources, making them more visible
The weather features clear skies and minimal rainfall, with a reduced presence of mosquitoes
Although the Dry season attracts the most tourists, the parks generally remain uncrowded, with the exception of the busy Chobe riverfront area
In June, July, and August, early morning and evening game drives can be chilly
November to April Wet Season – Summer
During this season, the landscape is lusher and rates are generally lower
While the Dry season may offer better visibility for wildlife, you'll still encounter plenty of animals throughout the year.
The area is bustling with newborn animals and visiting migratory birds
Outside of January and February, rain rarely disrupts travel plans
During January and February, the rains can be continuous for days
October and November experience intense heat
During portions of the Wet season, certain lodges and camps may shut down
Wildlife Photos
botswana wildlife animals
Wildlife Photos
botswana wildlife animals
​Weather & Climate – Botswana

Botswana boasts a subtropical desert climate, characterized by striking temperature swings from day to night and overall low humidity. For six months of the year, the landscape remains parched, receiving little to no rainfall. The rainy season spans from December to March, bringing much-needed moisture. Contrary to the seasonal patterns of Europe and North America, Botswana’s winter and summer are reversed, aligning respectively with the Dry and Wet seasons.

Maun's Climate Compared to Botswana's Parks

Botswana’s northern parks generally share Maun’s climate, but the Okavango enjoys slightly cooler temperatures, thanks to its plentiful water sources. On the other hand, the parks in the Kalahari’s dry environment face harsher conditions, with hotter days and nights that can dip to freezing temperatures. Areas to the south and west of the country tend to experience marginally less precipitation.

Wet Season – May to October – Winter

Throughout the winter, rainfall is nearly absent and humidity remains low, typically between 20% and 40%. Animals often congregate around waterholes and rivers as alternative water sources become scarce.

 

In May, the climate is comfortably cool with morning temperatures at 10°C (50°F) and afternoon highs reaching 28°C (82°F).

 

During June, July, and August, chilly mornings necessitate warm clothing for game drives, with temperatures averaging 6°C (43°F). In the Kalahari, nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing. However, the afternoons are much warmer, averaging around 25°C (77°F).

 

As September and October roll in, the heat intensifies. By October, temperatures can soar to 38°C (100°F), though the afternoons typically average a slightly cooler 34°C (93°F).

botswana highseasons
Wet Season – November to April – Summer

November & December – Cloud cover increases, ushering in cooler air and occasional showers in the late afternoons. This cooling pattern extends into December, where mornings typically start at 20°C (68°F) and afternoons reach up to 33°C (91°F).

 

January & February – Recognized as the rainiest months, these periods see frequent heavy showers in the afternoons, and sometimes continuous rain for days on end. The daytime temperatures stay around 32°C (90°F), with humidity levels fluctuating between 50% and 80%.

 

March & April – The rainfall diminishes and temperatures begin to drop gradually. April is characterized by delightful, clear skies and sparse clouds, with cooler nights and very comfortable daytime temperatures around 30°C (86°F).

botswana travel guide (12)
Popular Routes – Botswana
botswana Travel map
Northern Botswana (1 to 2.5 weeks)

Following a stopover in Johannesburg, South Africa, you’ll land at Maun International Airport (MUB), the primary gateway to northern Botswana and the Okavango Delta.

 

 

Destinations:

> Okavango Delta (2 to 5 days): Ideal for wildlife sightings on game drives or serene mokoro (canoe) trips to soak in the scenery.

 

> Moremi Game Reserve (2 to 5 days): A Big Five hotspot, perfect for wildlife-packed game drives.

 

> Chobe National Park (2 to 4 days): Best explored by boat along the river, where herds of elephants gathering to drink create incredible photo opportunities at the Chobe Riverfront and predator-rich Savuti.

 

> Victoria Falls (1 to 3 days): A breathtaking destination just a short trip across the border into Zimbabwe or Zambia.

 

 

Popular Add-ons:

> Central Kalahari Game Reserve (2 to 4 days): Experience a desert safari with unexpected wildlife encounters in Deception Valley and beyond.

 

> Makgadikgadi Pans and Nxai Pan National Parks (2 to 4 days): Witness the annual migration of wildebeest and zebra in this unique landscape.

 

 

Chobe Riverfront & Tuli Block (1 to 1.5 weeks)

After a stopover in Johannesburg, South Africa, you’ll touch down at Kasane International Airport (BBK), located near Chobe National Park.

 

 

Destinations:

> Chobe National Park (2 to 4 days): Explore by 4WD vehicle in Savuti or by boat along the Chobe Riverfront for incredible wildlife encounters.

 

> Victoria Falls (1 to 3 days): Just a short drive from Chobe, this iconic waterfall can be visited from either Zambia or Zimbabwe.

 

> Zambezi National Park (0.5 to 1 day): Located in Zimbabwe, this park is perfect for spotting elephants, buffalo, and various antelope species while traveling between Botswana and Victoria Falls.

 

> Northern Tuli Game Reserve (2 to 4 days): Witness herds of elephants digging for water in dry riverbeds in this unique reserve.

 

 

Popular Add-ons:

> Kwando, Selinda, and/or Linyanti Concessions (2 to 4 days): Experience exclusive wildlife viewing in the pristine Linyanti Marshes.

 

 

​Getting There – Botswana

A stopover in South Africa is generally part of the itinerary for your journey to Botswana. you usually board direct flights from O.R. Tambo International Airport (JNB) in Johannesburg or Cape Town International Airport (CPT).

Botswana’s main gateway is Sir Seretse Khama International Airport (GBE), conveniently located 11km/7 miles north of the capital, Gaborone.

 

However, Maun Airport (MUB) and Kasane Airport (BBK) see more frequent arrivals for travelers. It’s typical for those combining a Botswana safari with a trip to Victoria Falls to fly into Maun and then depart from either Victoria Falls Airport (VFA) in Zimbabwe or Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport (LVI; previously known as Livingstone Airport) in Zambia.

 

Upon your arrival, Bush 2 City Adventure will be ready to pick you up from the airport and manage all your transportation needs throughout your journey.

Main Park Map
botswana Travel map
Flights & Airlines to Botswana

If you arrange your flights, we will happily handle all the ground arrangements for you.

 

Starting from London

Starting from London, the easiest and most direct route to Botswana is to fly to Johannesburg, often with British Airways, and then connect to one of Botswana’s four gateway airports: Maun or Kasane in Botswana, or Livingstone or Victoria Falls, located near the Victoria Falls in Zambia or Zimbabwe, respectively.

These flights depart from Heathrow every day of the week.

 

Starting from the USA

Starting from the USA, you have several options for your flight arrangements. Broadly speaking, your two main choices are:

 

Direct Flights to Johannesburg: You can fly directly from major US cities such as New York, Atlanta, or Washington D.C. to Johannesburg, South Africa, with airlines like Delta or South African Airways. From Johannesburg, you can connect to Botswana’s gateway airports—Maun or Kasane in Botswana, or Livingstone or Victoria Falls near the Victoria Falls in Zambia or Zimbabwe.

 

Connecting Flights via Europe: Alternatively, you can opt for a connecting flight through major European hubs such as London, Paris, or Frankfurt. You can take a flight from these cities to Johannesburg, then proceed to one of the gateway airports in Botswana or near Victoria Falls.

 

You can arrange your flights from the USA to Botswana and back via London or another route and simply inform us of the flight times and carriers. Bush 2 City Adventure will handle all your arrangements within Botswana, including smaller flights and any plans in Livingstone.

 

This approach is particularly sensible if you are flying directly from the USA, such as on the route linking Atlanta to Johannesburg. If you decide to arrange your intercontinental flights, it’s advisable to book any regional connecting flights at the same time with the same company that handles your intercontinental travel. For example, flights between Johannesburg and Maun, Kasane, Livingstone, or Victoria Falls. This way, you avoid the risk of having two unconnected flights in case of schedule changes.

Domestic Airlines & Flights in Botswana

Most domestic flights within Botswana are operated by Air Botswana. For charter flights and helicopter transfers between parks and navigating areas like the camps in the Okavango Delta, these are typically included in our tour packages. This ensures a seamless and convenient travel experience within Botswana.

Passport, Visa & Other Entry Requirements
Entry requirements may vary, so it’s important to contact your local Botswana embassy or high commission to confirm that the information provided below is up to date.
All foreign visitors must have a passport that is valid for at least six months.
Citizens of most nationalities can enter without a visa and will receive a 30-day entry permit upon arrival.
All foreign visitors are required to possess a return ticket.
Children under 18 years old must have a certified copy of their full, unabridged birth certificate and a valid passport to enter Botswana. If a child is traveling with only one parent or without parents, they must also carry an affidavit from the absent parent(s) giving consent for the child's travel.
For further information, including any vaccination entry requirements, please visit the website of your local Botswana embassy or high commission, or check the government travel advisories provided below:
Malaria & Vaccinations – Botswana

The information provided on this page serves as a basic guide and should not substitute for a consultation with your travel doctor. For comprehensive and current health information for travelers to Botswana, please consult the government organizations and travel clinics listed below, as they are reliable sources.

Vaccinations

Vaccinations are recommended. For more detailed immunization advice, please refer to the websites listed below. Additionally, consult the FAQ section for more comprehensive guidelines.

Malaria Risk

There is a high risk of transmission in central and northern Botswana, and a low risk in the rest of the country. The peak transmission period is during the rainy season, from November to June. For more detailed advice, please refer to the websites listed below.

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Safety & Security – Botswana

We consider Botswana to be a very safe and politically stable country. Safety issues are exceedingly rare for travelers on our organized trips who stay in lodges and camps. Like anywhere in the world, most crime occurs in urban areas, and taking basic safety precautions, such as securing your valuables at your accommodation, is advisable.

 

Here are some tips on how to stay safe while in Botswana.

Staying Safe on Wildlife Viewing Activities

To ensure safety on safari, always adhere to your safari guide’s instructions. If you’re on a self-drive safari, make sure to familiarize yourself with the park and reserve rules, avoid approaching animals too closely, and never leave your car except in designated safe areas. For more tips, see below:

Staying Safe in Cities & Towns

While crime in Botswana is uncommon, incidents of petty theft and pickpocketing do occur in urban areas. You are largely protected from risks during guided activities. To avoid issues when exploring the city on your own, adhere to basic safety measures: consult your hotel for advice before going out, carry only the cash you need, and avoid wearing valuable items. Always take a taxi after dark. For additional safety tips relevant to African cities in general, see below:

Other Tips on Staying Safe

Please review the information on the pages below about malaria and vaccination requirements for Botswana, as well as general travel safety precautions.

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Wildlife Viewing Safety Precautions

Exploring the wild through a safari adventure is an exhilarating experience that brings you closer to nature’s most fascinating wildlife. Whether you opt for a guided tour with an experienced professional or decide to navigate the trails on a self-drive journey, safety is paramount to ensure an enjoyable and incident-free adventure. Here are some essential safety guidelines and tips to help you navigate your safari safely:

Cities & Urban Areas: Safety Precautions

Traveling through Africa offers an enriching experience filled with breathtaking landscapes, diverse cultures, and unparalleled wildlife encounters. While it’s generally safe, especially on organized tours or safaris, navigating urban environments requires a bit of savvy to ensure your trip remains worry-free. Here are some straightforward tips to keep in mind, whether you’re exploring bustling metropolises or serene landscapes:

General Travel Safety Precautions

Embarking on an African safari promises an adventure of a lifetime, showcasing the continent’s rich wildlife, breathtaking landscapes, and diverse cultures. While safaris are widely considered safe, especially those organized through reputable tour operators, it’s prudent to take certain precautions to ensure a smooth and secure experience. Here are some essential safety tips to consider:

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